Electrical resistance performs a particularly essential role in the circuitry of electronic devices. Such units may malfunction if the resistance of their circuitry diverges from the proper level. Nonetheless, electricity is just not visible. A specialized measuring instrument is necessary in an effort to investigate whether or not a circuit has the proper resistance.
An instrument equivalent to a tester is critical in an effort to measure resistance, but how is such measurement carried out? This web page provides an in depth introduction to how a tester or multimeter can be used to measure resistance.
How is resistance measured?
Resistance is measured utilizing an instrument resembling an analog multimeter or digital multimeter. Both types of instrument can measure not only resistance, but additionally present, voltage, and other parameters, to allow them to be used in a variety of situations.
However, resistance measurement does not contain measuring the circuit’s resistance worth itself. Instead, resistance is calculated by measuring the present and voltage applied to the circuit. When a present is applied to the circuit under measurement, the circuit (resistance) exhibits a voltage (or more precisely, a voltage drop). Resistance may be calculated by measuring the present and voltage using Ohm’s Law.
As a result, a circuit’s resistance value can be determined if the present and voltage measured values are known. Analog multimeters and digital multimeters make use of the measurement precept of Ohm’s Law to measure resistance.
Resistance measurement with an analog tester
When measuring resistance with an analog multimeter, switch off power to the circuit under measurement. Plug the red test lead into the positive enter terminal with the "+" mark and the black test lead into the COM enter terminal. Switch the instrument to Ω mode and set the range button as appropriate based on the circuit’s anticipated resistance.
Quick the black and red test pins and set the needle to 0 Ω using the 0 Ω adjustment knob. Then place the red and black test pins in contact with each ends of the circuit under measurement and read the value indicated by the meter.
Keep in mind that applying a voltage to the test leads while the instrument is set to resistance mode might damage the tester. Additionally, in case you are unable to perform zero Ω correction, the analog multimeter’s battery could also be low. If you happen to encounter this difficulty, check the battery's voltage.
Resistance measurement with a digital multimeter
Usually, resistance is measured with a digital multimeter in the identical manner as with an analog multimeter, and it’s a quite simple process. The only distinction is that the value is indicated digitally instead of by an analog needle; otherwise, the essential methodology is mostly the same. Nonetheless, digital multimeters help two measurement methods:
Two-terminal measurement
4-terminal measurement
In most cases, when measuring resistance with a digital multimeter, you’ll use the two-terminal measurement method. This methodology applies a constant present and measures the resistance worth using the instrument’s voltmeter. This method is similar as that used by analog multimeters. Nevertheless, two-terminal measurement has the disadvantage of yielding resistance values that embrace the wiring between the instrument and the circuit under measurement.
To attenuate the effects of that additional resistance, the test leads are shorted previous to measurement to zero-adjust the resistance value. However, this method can't fully eradicate the effects. 4-terminal measurement was created to address this shortcoming. Four-terminal measurement makes use of 4 test leads and separate voltmeter and ammeter circuits.
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